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UMass Extension Landscape Message #2
February 8, 2008

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The LANDSCAPE MESSAGE is an educational newsletter intended to guide landscape, nursery and urban forestry professionals in identifying pests in the landscape, monitoring their development, planning management strategies and creating site-specific records for future management reference.

UMass Extension has updated this issue to provide timely pest management information and the latest regional news and environmental data throughout Massachusetts. During the months of October through February this newsletter will be updated monthly. The next update will be available on or about March 7, 2008.

Missed a previous message? Visit the Landscape Message Archive.

Interested in additional turf-oriented content? UMass Extension Turf Program Management Updates External link

SCOUTING INFORMATION BY REGION

REGIONAL NOTES -

Cape Cod Region (Barnstable) - General Conditions: January was a typical winter month for the Cape. Temperatures were generally above freezing during the day while dropping into the 20’s °F overnight. Most precipitation came in the form of rain with the exception of a storm on January 27, which dropped a foot of snow over most of the Cape, accompanied by high winds that caused drifting of 2’ to 3’ in many areas. ‘Jelena’ hybrid witch hazel began blooming in mid-January. Pests/Problems: High winds continued to pummel the Cape, causing further damage to trees that had sustained breakage during the tail end of Hurricane Noel in November.

Southeast Region (Hanson) - General Conditions: The amount of precipitation varied throughout the county in January, with Hingham receiving 3.68 inches of rain and 7.3 inches of rain. The first week of January was pleasant and Boston had a temperature of 67 degrees F. on January 8th and around Hanson, MA, it was 63 degrees. It cooled down after that. Pests/Problems: Deer continue to browse. A few winter moth males emerged in early January around the 8th and the 9th but not very many. There were no other pest problems to report. The fruit of cranberry viburnum, the berries of many hollies, and the bark of Acer griseum are providing much needed color and interest in the winter landscape.

East Region (Boston) – Pests/Problems: No report this month.

Metro West (Waltham) – General Conditions: The snow cover has gone as of now. Pests/Problems: None observed

Central Region (Boylston) - General Conditions: Not much happening here - except rain, rain, rain - Pests/Problems: Oh and DEER! The deer came out in droves a couple of weeks ago - moved through the gardens like brush cutters on hooves! Ok - it wasn't as bad as all that; our taste and odor repellents held and the damage were reasonably minor - but the tracks - yikes. They were definitely in search of food! Over the last month, we've had 3.88" of rain and 11" of snow.

Pioneer Valley Region ( Amherst) - General Conditions: The month of January started out cold, but then leveled ff to normal or slightly above normal temperatures. The Valley received over 8 inches of snow in January, along with significant rainfall in early February. The recent warm weather melted a fair amount of snow, but below that, the ground remains frozen. Pests/Problems: Damage from deer browse remains high.

Berkshire Region (Great Barrington) - General Conditions: Recent rains and seasonably mild temperatures have left minimal snow cover. Expect some heaving of perennial plants but there is still frost in the ground. Pests/Problems: Deer browsing is steadily increasing.

ENVIRONMENTAL DATA -

The following growing-degree-day (GDD) and precipitation data was collected for a four-week period, January 9, 2008 through February 5, 2008.  Soil temperature and phenological indicators were observed on or about February 5, 2008. Accumulated GDDs represent the heating units above a 50° F baseline temperature collected via our instruments from the beginning of the current calendar year. This information is intended for use as a guide for monitoring the developmental stages of pests in your location and planning management strategies accordingly.

Region/Location
2007 GROWING DEGREE DAYS
Soil Temp
(°F at 4" depth)
Precipitation
(4-Week Gain)
~4-Week Gain
Total accumulation for 2008
Cape Cod
3
4
Frozen
2.5” rain/12” snow
Southeast
7
7
42°
3.68” rain/7.3” snow

East

n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Metro West
2
2
Frozen
4.23” rain equivalent
Central
0
0
Frozen
3.88” rain/11” snow
Pioneer Valley
0
0
Frozen
3.17” rain equivalent
Berkshires
0
0
n/a
1.37” rain equivalent
AVERAGE
1
1
n/a
n/a

n/a = information not available

CAPE COD REGION - Roberta Clark, Horticulturist for Barnstable County, Barnstable.

SOUTHEAST REGION - Deborah Swanson, Horticulturist for UMass Extension in Plymouth County, Hanson.

EAST REGION - James R. Allen, Horticulturist and Greenhouse Manager for UMass Biology Department, Boston.

METRO WEST REGION – James Martin, Consulting Arborist, reporting from the UMass Extension Center, Waltham.

CENTRAL REGION - Joann Vieira, Superintendent of Horticulture, Tower Hill Botanic Garden, Boylston.

PIONEER VALLEY - Dan Gillman, Plant Pathologist, UMass Extension Plant Diagnostic Lab, UMass, Amherst.

BERKSHIRES - Ron Kujawski, Specialist, UMass Extension Landscape, Nursery & Urban Forestry Program, Amherst.

WOODY ORNAMENTALS

INSECTS -

No report this month.

DISEASES -

Dormant season care of deciduous trees and shrubs - As the plants go dormant, it is a good time to remove dead branches, and collect fallen leaves to reduce overwintering inoculum (the resting structures of leaf spot, blight and canker fungi).  Remove this debris so fewer of these disease fungi will be present in the area to initiate infections next spring.  In addition, if leaf spots and blights are recurring, unsightly problems, resistant varieties, or other plants better adapted to the site may be available to replace them.

Ramorum blight, also known as sudden oak death (SOD) and ramorum dieback: Since 1995, oaks and tanoaks have been dying in the coastal counties of California. Since then, surveys found other plants infected or associated with this disease caused by the water mold, Phytophthora ramorum . Researchers in the U.S. first isolated the pathogen in Mill Valley ( Marin County) on tanoak, but since that time additional surveys confirmed the pathogen on various native hosts in fourteen coastal California counties and in Curry County, Oregon. Through ongoing surveys of nurseries, USDA-APHIS-PPQ continues to define the extent of the pathogen’s distribution in the U. S. and limit its artificial spread beyond infected areas through quarantine and a public education program.

Reported by Dan Gillman, Plant Pathologist, UMass Extension Plant Diagnostic Lab, Amherst

WEEDS -

No report this month.

LANDSCAPE TURF

DISEASES -

No report this month.

INSECTS -

No report this month.

WEEDS -

No report this month.

IMPORTANT INFORMATIONAL RESOURCES

For a complete listing of upcoming events, see our Conferences and Workshops page.

Don't forget to visit the UMass Extension Online Weed Herbarium!

DIAGNOSTIC SERVICES

UMass Laboratory Diagnoses Turf and Landscape Problems - Accurate diagnosis for a turf or landscape problem can often eliminate or reduce the need for pesticide use. The UMass Extension Plant Diagnostic Lab is available to serve commercial landscape contractors, turf managers, arborists, nurseries and other green industry professionals. It provides woody plant and turf disease analysis, woody plant and turf insect identification, turfgrass identification, weed identification, and offers a report of pest management strategies that are research based, economically sound and environmentally appropriate for the situation. Send specimens and payment (payable to the University of Massachusetts) to UMass Extension Plant Diagnostic Lab, Holdsworth Natural Resources Center, 160 Holdsworth Way, UMass, Amherst, MA 01003. The fee for a woody plant disease analysis is $50; the fee for turf disease analysis or nematode assay is $75. All insect, weed and turfgrass identification samples are $25 each. For more detailed submission instructions see http://www.umass.edu/agland/diagnostics External link


NEXT UPDATE: The next issue will be available on March 7, 2008.

The UMASS Extension, Landscape, Nursery, and Urban Forestry Program produced this message. Dan Gillman prepared this edition from data and reports provided by the staff and faculty of the UMass Landscape, Nursery and Urban Forestry Program and the UMASS Extension Turf Program as well as cooperating horticulturists and Green Industry professionals. The text is adapted for access via the Internet by Jason Lanier.

DISCLAIMER. This message is intended for commercial use. UMass Extension assumes no liability for recommendations. It is the responsibility of the applicator to verify the registration status of any pesticide BEFORE applying it. Different states have different regulations as well. The use of trade names (™) does not imply endorsement. Similarly, there may be other products you prefer to use.

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